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黄河流域地表水文过程受气候变化与如水库拦蓄等人类活动的严重影响,发生显著变化,多次出现断流现象。深入理解水文变异条件下的径流特征及生态效应,对于黄河流域水资源管理及水资源可持续开发利用具有重要意义。基于此,论文利用多水文指标研究水文变异过程,结合基于流量历时曲线(FDC)的生态剩余和生态赤字等生态径流指标以及水文变异总体评价指标Do和DHRAM(Dundee Hydrological Regime Alteration Method)来描述黄河干流大中型水利工程对下游河道水文情势的改变程度,并根据多样性指标SI和IHA(Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration)的拟合关系,进一步分析水文变异的生态效应。研究表明:1)水文情势变异后,FDC整体下移,低于25%FDC流量部分大幅增加,产生生态赤字;2)从上游到下游,降水对各站生态径流指标的影响逐步减小,水库对生态径流指标的影响愈益增大;3)各生态径流指标与大部分IHA指标具有较好的相关关系,能够体现IHA参数的主要信息,可作为衡量黄河流域年和季节径流变化的生态径流指标;4)综合Do和DHRAM的评价结果,径流过程变异对各站生态风险的影响为:花园口、孙口和利津站为高风险,头道拐和兰州为中等风险,唐乃亥和龙门为低风险;各水文站SI值在20世纪80年代之后均出现下降趋势,其中花园口、孙口和利津3个站的下降幅度较大,生物多样性锐减。
Surface hydrological processes in the Yellow River Basin have been severely affected by climate changes and human activities such as reservoirs. Significant changes have taken place in the Yellow River basin, causing numerous breakdowns. Understanding the runoff characteristics and ecological effects under hydrological variation conditions is of great significance to the management of the water resources in the Yellow River Basin and the sustainable development and utilization of water resources. Based on this, the paper uses the hydrological index to study the process of hydrological variation, and combines the ecological runoff index such as ecological surplus and ecological deficit based on the flow history curve (FDC) and the overall evaluation index of hydrological variation Do and DHRAM (Dundee Hydrological Regime Alteration Method) In order to further analyze the ecological effects of hydrological variation according to the fitting relationship between diversification index SI and IHA (Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration) The results show that: 1) After hydrological variation, the overall FDC down, less than 25% of the flow of FDC increased substantially, resulting in ecological deficit; 2) From upstream to downstream, the impact of precipitation on the eco- And the impact of ecological runoff indicators is increasing. (3) There is a good correlation between each ecological runoff indicator and most IHA indicators, which can reflect the main information of IHA parameters and can be used as an indicator of ecological runoff to measure annual and seasonal runoff changes in the Yellow River Basin ; 4) Based on the evaluation results of Do and DHRAM, the impact of runoff process variation on ecological risk at each station is as follows: Huayuankou, Sunkou and Lijin stations are at high risk; Shuntuai and Lanzhou are medium risk; Tangnaihe and Longmen are low risk ; The SI values of all hydrological stations all showed a downward trend after 1980s, among which the declines of Huayuankou, Sunkou and Lijin were significantly larger and their biodiversity decreased sharply.