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To investigate the mechanism of LDL oxidation in vivo , LDL was incubated with endothelium cell (EC),artery smooth muscle cell (ASMC) and macrophage, and then the change of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in cell and medium and the oxidation of LDL by those three cells were assessed. The result showed that LDL promoted the activity of cellular and secretive myeloperoxidase which was concentration-dependent on LDL; with elevation of MPO activity, oxidation of LDL intensified, which was expressed by the formation of conjugated dienes and the elevation of thiobarbituric acid teactive substance (TBARS). Macrophages MPO activity went up with the increase of LDL at both low and high concentration; ECs MPO activity went up with the increase of LDL only at high concentration and ASMCs MPO activity wasnt sensitive to LDL concentration change. The results suggest that Macrophage might be crucial to the oxidation of LDL in vivo, in which MPO might play an important role.