论文部分内容阅读
霍乱自1961年第七次世界性大流行以来,在防治等方面有了不少进展。简要介绍如下。一、流行情况自1817年在次大陆发生流行以来至1902年,共发生6次大的流行。虽波及亚、非、欧、美,但仍以印度及孟加拉为疫源中心,尤其是从1947年以后则仅在亚洲发生。所以,认为霍乱的流行特点,是“静止性”或“地方性”的。从1961年开始的第七次世界性大流行,扭转了这种片面的看法。从印尼西部经过南亚、中亚到西欧、非洲中部、加拿大及美国,随着旅游事业的发展,发生了许多输入性病例,几乎每年均有新的国家或地区被侵犯。1977年传入大洋洲,在吉尔伯特群岛发生流行。日本也发生了1次小暴发(24例)。从1971年以来,每年发病数在6万与16万之间。流行的特点是来势猛,传播
Cholera Since the Seventh World Pandemic in 1961, much progress has been made in prevention and treatment. Brief introduction is as follows. First, the prevalence of the epidemic in 1817 since the subcontinent to 1902, a total of 6 major epidemic. Although it affects Asia, Africa, Europe and the United States, India and Bangladesh are still endemic centers, especially since 1947. Therefore, the prevalence of cholera is thought to be “rest ” or “endemic ”. The seventh worldwide pandemic, begun in 1961, reversed this one-sided view. From western Indonesia through South Asia, Central Asia to Western Europe, central Africa, Canada and the United States, many imported cases have occurred with the development of tourism, with new countries or regions being violated almost every year. Introduced to Oceania in 1977 and became popular in the Gilbert Islands. There was also a minor outbreak in Japan (24 cases). Since 1971, the annual incidence of 60,000 and 160,000. Popular features are fierce, spread