中国古代儒家经典著作《礼记》认为 :“婚姻者合二姓之好 ,上以事宗庙 ,而下以继后世也。”这就是说 ,婚姻的目的是有序生育 ,是为了人类的某一群体即家族在肉体与精神两个方面后继有人 ,绵延不绝 ,也就是通常所说的“传宗接代”。这是中国古代总的最基本的生育观念。所以 ,“不孝有三 ,无后为大” ,妇人不能生育 ,是最大的罪错。本文对宋人的生育观念和在这一观念指导下采取的措施方法 ,以及士大夫阶层的家庭生育情况作了深入的考察分析 The classic book of the Confucian classics in China, “The Book of Rites,” held that: “Marriage makes good the name of the surname, and it is the case of ancestral temples, and the next is also true.” This means that the purpose of marriage is to orderly procreate, A group of the family that follow the two aspects of the physical and spiritual successors, endless, that is, what is commonly referred to as “preaching”. This is the most basic concept of birth in ancient China. Therefore, “having no filial piety and no great cause after all” means that the woman’s failure to have children is the biggest sin. This article makes an in-depth analysis of the fertility concept of the Song people and the methods and measures taken under the guidance of this concept, as well as the family fertility of the elite families