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内格尔的《无源之见》所面对的问题是如何处理每个人的特殊观点与更为普遍的客观观点相融合,这个问题也是提出和解决其他一系列问题的根基。他基于这一问题展开了对本体论、认识论、自由、伦理及生命等一系列问题的探讨。内格尔并不是要彻底解决这些问题,而是要对公认的、但却可能与人们的直观相冲突或者其理论根基事实上并非如表面上所显现的那样牢固的一些命题展开怀疑与论证,以求对它们取得更为客观的理解,即为客观性提供一种辩护,也提供一种批判。笔者将沿着内格尔的这种思路在本体论和伦理学两方面展开对客观性的论证和批判。
The issue facing Nagel’s Passive Opinion is how to deal with each individual’s particular point of view in combination with the more general objective point of view, which is also the foundation for a series of other questions to be raised and resolved. Based on this issue, he started his discussion on a series of issues such as ontology, epistemology, freedom, ethics and life. Nagel is not trying to solve these problems thoroughly, but to doubting and arguing with some accepted propositions that may conflict with people’s intuitions or whose theoretical foundations are not as firm as they appear on the surface. In the hope of obtaining a more objective understanding of them, that is, to provide a justification for objectivity and to provide a critique. The author will follow Nagel’s thinking on both ontology and ethics to start the demonstration and criticism of objectivity.