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如何灵活地设计国际规则以最大限度地维护国家利益,是每一个国家尤其是崛起大国的必修课。中国在推进丝绸之路经济带能源合作中面临着国际法设计问题,尤其是如何运用灵活性机制来平衡和包容各方不同的利益诉求,从而解决国际合作的规则保障问题。中国与丝绸之路经济带沿线国家的能源合作以双边条约为主要规则形式,多采用高承诺水平、低执行机制的设计,虽具有一些灵活性安排,但总体仍较为单一。中国双边优先、承诺优先的实践模式明确了合作的重点,但又充分尊重各国的履约能力,表明中国实体先于程序、舒适度先于稳定性的国际法理念。
How to flexibly design international rules to safeguard national interests to the maximum extent is a required course in every country, especially the rising power. China faces the issue of the design of international law in promoting the energy cooperation in the economic belt of the Silk Road. In particular, it uses flexible mechanisms to balance and accommodate the different interest demands of all parties so as to solve the problem of safeguarding the rules of international cooperation. The energy cooperation between China and the countries along the Silk Road Economic Belt takes bilateral treaties as the main form of regulation. The use of more high-commitment and low-enforcement mechanisms is more common. Although there are some flexible arrangements, the overall energy mix is still relatively simple. China’s bilateral priority and promised priority practice mode has clearly focused on cooperation but fully respects the compliance capabilities of all countries, indicating that Chinese entities precede procedures and comfort precedes the notion of stability in international law.