本文强调了现代事业制度这一基本概念，论证了中国事业体制改革具有重大的理论与实践意义。在前期改革中，与企业体制和政府机构改革相对而言，事业体制改革严重滞后，这极大地制约和阻碍了各项改革的整体推进与协调发展。要建立和完善社会主义市场经济体制，就必须加速和深化事业体制改革；而建立现代事业制度，则是这一改革的目标模式。进而提出了建立政事分开、企事分开、资事分开、责任明确、多方筹资、多元约束、管理科学的现代事业制度的设想，并初步设计和论述了这种新型事业制度的基本框架与主要特征 This article emphasizes the basic concept of the modern enterprise system and demonstrates that the reform of China’s business system has great theoretical and practical significance. In the previous reforms, in contrast with the reform of the enterprise system and government agencies, the reform of the system of undertakings was seriously lagging behind, greatly restricting and hindering the overall promotion and coordinated development of various reforms. To establish and perfect the socialist market economic system, we must speed up and deepen the reform of the cause of the system; and establishing a modern system of undertakings is the target model of this reform. And then put forward the idea of ​​establishing a modern career system with separation of politics and government, separation of capital and business, clear responsibility, multi-funding, multiple constraints and scientific management, and preliminarily designed and discussed the basic framework and the main features of this new system of business