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眼部的局部给药方式影响着药物作用的强度,速率及持续时间和不良反应。视网膜,脉络膜,玻璃体及视神经的疾病则对眼后节的局部给药治疗提出了挑战,以局部给药的方式通过解剖学的膜屏障及泪液排泄,并达到在特定部位起治疗作用的药物浓度是其中的重要课题。全身给药则难以在眼组织积蓄足够的药物浓度,且易引起全身性的不良反应。眼表局部应用滴眼剂在泪液循环及角膜,结膜的屏障作用下易发生流失,而有创的给药方式包括玻璃体内注射,结膜下注射等变得越来越普遍的同时,除对病人造成疼痛不适外,甚至也可导致多种严重于疾病本身的并发症。本文综述了近几年来随着各种眼科疾病分子机制的研究和解明,眼部局部给药方式及新剂型的药代动力学及安全性的研究进展。
Topical ophthalmic administration affects the intensity, rate and duration of drug effects and adverse reactions. Diseases of the retina, choroid, vitreous, and optic nerves present a challenge to topical ophthalmic drug delivery through the anatomical membrane barrier and tear excretion and to drug concentrations that are therapeutically effective at specific sites Is one of the important issues. Systemically administered is difficult to accumulate enough eye tissue concentration of the drug, and can lead to systemic adverse reactions. Ocular topical application of eye drops in the tear circulation and corneal, conjunctival barrier prone to loss, and invasive delivery methods, including intravitreal injection, subconjunctival injection has become more common at the same time, in addition to the patient Causing pain and discomfort, and even can lead to a variety of serious complications of the disease itself. This review summarizes the research progress of pharmacokinetics and safety of topical ophthalmic administration and new dosage forms in recent years with the research and elucidation of various molecular mechanisms of ophthalmic diseases.