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以某轨道车辆L型截面铝型材构件为研究对象,利用数值模拟技术分析了L型截面铝型材拉弯成形中常见截面畸变缺陷的成因,研究了模具结构参数对截面变形的影响规律,提出相应截面畸变缺陷的控制措施,并通过试验进行了验证。结果表明:L型截面铝型材拉弯成形主要截面畸变缺陷为立边倾斜和横边塌陷;立边倾斜缺陷主要因挡板间隙不合理引起,优化挡板间隙能够有效控制立边倾斜缺陷;横边塌陷主要因拉弯过程中立边收缩引起,基于相应位置的立边收缩量,通过减小拉弯模具支撑面的深度能够有效控制横边塌陷缺陷。
Taking a L-section aluminum profile member of a railway vehicle as the research object, the causes of the common cross-section distortion defects in the L-shaped aluminum profile were analyzed by numerical simulation. The influence of the structural parameters of the die on the deformation of the section was studied. Correspondingly, The control measures of cross-sectional distortion defects were verified by experiments. The results show that the distortion of the main cross-section of L-shaped cross-section aluminum profile is the vertical edge and the horizontal edge collapse. The vertical edge oblique defect is mainly caused by the unreasonable gap of the baffle. The optimal baffle clearance can effectively control the vertical edge oblique defect. The side collapse is mainly caused by the contraction of the vertical edge during the bending process. Based on the amount of vertical edge contraction at the corresponding position, the collapse of the lateral edge can be effectively controlled by reducing the depth of the supporting surface of the bending mold.