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收集了工业上用于重油加氢脱硫的 Ｎｉ Ｍ ｏ／γ Ａｌ２ Ｏ３ 失活催化剂， 用超声波萃取， 超临界流体萃取（ Ｓ Ｆ Ｅ）等方法对其进行了处理， 用热重（ Ｔ Ｇ）、差热分析（ Ｄ Ｔ Ａ）、程序升温氧化质谱（ Ｔ Ｐ Ｏ Ｍ Ｓ）、扫描电镜能谱仪（ Ｓ Ｅ Ｍ Ｅ Ｄ Ｓ）、 Ｘ 射线衍射仪（ Ｘ Ｒ Ｄ）、程序升温还原（ Ｔ Ｐ Ｒ）等方法对处理前后的催化剂进行了表征， 探讨了导致催化剂失活的主要原因． 结果表明， 积炭， 金属沉积是催化剂失活的主要原因， 经去除沉积的金属和烧炭后， 失活重油加氢催化剂的活性状态可得到恢复， 同时失活催化剂从工业反应器中的卸出方式也会对催化剂的性质产生影响．
A NiMo / γ-Al 2 O 3 deactivated catalyst, which is industrially used for heavy oil hydrodesulfurization, was collected and treated by ultrasonic extraction and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) , Differential thermal analysis (D T A), temperature-programmed oxidation-mass spectrometry (T P O-M S), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer , Temperature programmed reduction (T P R) and other methods were used to characterize the catalysts before and after treatment. The main reasons leading to catalyst deactivation were discussed. The results show that coke deposition and metal deposition are the main reasons for the catalyst deactivation. After the deposited metal and charcoal have been removed, the active state of the deactivated heavy oil hydrogenation catalyst can be recovered. At the same time, the deactivated catalyst discharged from the industrial reactor Out of the way will also have an impact on the nature of the catalyst.