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根据结构语言学的音位对立理论以及各种语言语料库为基础,进行了一系列的理论研究和数据分析,提出了音位结构功能负担的计算方法。计算步骤主要包括:1)音节对立频次统计;2)对立类型负担量计算;3)音位系统的负担量计算;4)音位的平均负担量计算。利用本方法,以汉语20个方言3000音节为研究对象,计算了对立类型负担量、音位系统负担量和音位的平均负担量在方言上的分布,并提出了音位负担量范畴理论。本方法可应用于语言音位功能研究、语言历史音变和演化研究以及语音工程的应用研究。
Based on the theory of phonetic antagonism in structural linguistics and the corpus of various languages, a series of theoretical studies and data analyzes are carried out, and the calculation method for the functional burdens of phonemic structures is proposed. The calculation steps mainly include: 1) Statistics of syllables’ opposite frequency; 2) Computation of opposite types of burdens; 3) Calculation of the burdens of phonemes system; 4) Calculation of the average burdens of phonemes. By using this method, taking 20 syllables and 3000 syllables in Chinese as subjects, the dialectal distributions of the burden of opposition type, the burden of the phoneme system and the phoneme of the phoneme are calculated, and the category theory of phonemic load is proposed. The method can be applied to the study of linguistic phonemic functions, the study of phonetic change and evolution of language history and the application of phonetic engineering.