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MicroRNA简称MiRNA,是近年来的研究热点。它们是一类内源性短链非编码小分子核糖核苷酸,长度一般为19～24个核糖核苷酸。MiRNA从DNA转录后经Drosha和Dicer酶修饰后能够与靶点mRNA互补结合从而调控其靶基因的表达。越来越多的的研究证实它们在器官发育和癌症形成过程中都起到了一定的调节作用。近年来MiRNA在癌症形成以及进展中的调节作用得到了广泛的研究。其中,MiRNA在胃癌发生、发展、侵袭、转移中的作用的研究也日益增多。特别是2009年以来,这方面的文献数量有了前所未有的提高。本文目的在于对目前MiRNA分子在胃癌形成、进展、预后以及耐药等方面的作用进行综述,以便研究者能够更好地把握胃癌相关MiR-NA分子的研究进展,为将来的研究以及临床应用打下基础。
MicroRNA, referred to as MiRNA, is a research hotspot in recent years. They are a class of endogenous short-chain non-coding small ribonucleotides, usually 19 to 24 ribonucleotides in length. After being transcribed from DNA, MiRNA can be modified by Drosha and Dicer enzyme to bind complementarily with target mRNA to regulate its target gene expression. An increasing number of studies confirm that they play a regulatory role in organ development and cancer formation. In recent years, the regulatory role of MiRNA in cancer formation and progression has been extensively studied. Among them, the study of the role of MiRNA in the occurrence, development, invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer is also increasing. Especially since 2009, there has been an unprecedented increase in the number of documents in this area. The purpose of this paper is to review the current role of MiRNAs in the formation, progression, prognosis and drug resistance of gastric cancer so that researchers can better understand the progress of gastric cancer-related MiR-NA molecules and lay the foundation for future research and clinical applications basis.