论文部分内容阅读
第一章 銅電解精煉的基本理論第一節 錮電解精煉的目的吹爐銅中存在許多雜質,这些雜質限制了銅在工業上的廣泛的应用,因此必須進一步加以精煉。精煉的方法有二:一种是在反射爐中進行精煉操作,叫做火法精煉。在火法精煉过程中,鋅、鉄、硫、鈷等除去得最完全;鉛与錫的除去比較困难,而砷、銻、鉍的除去量則十分微少,其中尤以鉍為甚。因鉍与氧的親和力和銅的親和力無大差别,並且氧化鉍沸點很高,实際上完全不揮發,絕大部分鉍仍遺留在铜中。貴金屬不起氧化作用,完全轉入精煉銅中,除貴金屬外其它雜質存在於精煉铜中使銅的導電度減低。另外一种是電解精煉法,將粗銅鑄成陽極,裝入於充滿電解液的電解槽中,以銅皮為陰極,通以電流,啺極逐漸溶解,純銅在陰極上析出。在電解过程中,貴金屬与部分雜質落在槽底称為陽極
Chapter I Basic Theory of Copper Electrolysis Section 1 Purpose of Electrolytic Purge There are many impurities in furnace copper, which limits the widespread industrial use of copper and therefore must be further refined. There are two methods of refining: one is the refining operation in a reflection furnace, called fire refining. In the fire refining process, zinc, sulfur, sulfur, cobalt, etc. removed the most complete; lead and tin removal more difficult, and the removal of arsenic, antimony, bismuth is very small, especially bismuth even. Due to the affinity between bismuth and oxygen and copper affinity is not much difference, and bismuth oxide high boiling point, in fact completely non-volatile, the vast majority of bismuth remains in the copper. Precious metals can not afford to be oxidized, and are completely transferred into refined copper. Except for precious metals, other impurities exist in the refined copper to reduce the conductivity of copper. Another is the electrolytic refining method, the bronze cast into an anode, filled with electrolyte bath, copper cathode, through the current, very gradually dissolve, pure copper in the cathode precipitation. In the electrolysis process, precious metals and some impurities fall in the bottom of the tank called the anode