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目的 了解城市儿童少年早餐行为及主要相关因素，为制定有效的干预措施提供科学依据。方法 用三阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法从广州、上海、济南和哈尔滨抽取样本１０２７６名儿童少年，通过问卷调查收集早餐行为及相关因素的资料。结果８３．０%的儿童少年１周每天都吃早餐；有时不吃早餐的主要直接原因是没有食欲（４６．１％）和没有时间吃（４４．２％）；是否每天吃早餐的主要相关因素为母亲文化程度、居住地、父亲职业和儿童少年的学习阶段等。儿童少年早餐营养质量良好者占９.５％，一般者占３５．５％，较差者占５５．０％，影响早餐营养质量的主要因素有母亲文化程度、居住地、儿童少年的学习阶段和父亲的职业。结论 城市儿童少年有时不吃早餐的现象比较普遍，早餐的营养质量也不高，父母和居住地是影响儿童少年早餐行为的最主要因素，改善儿童少年早餐行为的关键在于加强对父母和儿童少年的营养教育以及学校提供营养早餐。
Objective To understand the breakfast behavior and related factors of urban children and adolescents, and to provide a scientific basis for making effective interventions. Methods A total of 10,276 children and adolescents were sampled from Guangzhou, Shanghai, Jinan and Harbin using three-stage stratified random sampling method to collect information on breakfast behaviors and related factors through questionnaire. Results 83.0% of children and adolescents ate breakfast every day for 1 week; sometimes the main direct cause of not eating breakfast was no appetite (46.1%) and no time to eat (44.2%); Factors such as mother’s education level, place of residence, father’s occupation and children and adolescents’ learning stages. Nutritional quality of children and adolescents for breakfast accounted for 9.5%, 35.5% were generally, the less accounted for 55.0%, the main factors affecting the nutritional quality of breakfast mothers, education, living, children and adolescents And father’s job. Conclusions Urban children and adolescents sometimes do not eat breakfast at some time, and their nutritional quality is not high. Parents and residences are the most important factors that affect the behavior of children and adolescents. The key to improving the breakfast behavior of children and adolescents is to strengthen their understanding of parents and children and adolescents Nutrition education and nutritious breakfast at school.