肥料和土壤是作物生长的基础,施肥和培肥土壤是实现高产稳产的重要途径。当前农业生产中的土肥问题集中于五个方面:(1)有机肥料数量减少,质量下降。据江阴市19个乡镇76个村的调查,1956年亩施猪圈肥6.53担,1980年降为每亩20担(长山乡1987年亩施量已降至11.7担)。草塘泥用量也由103.7担降为88.8担,近两年大都不施草塘泥了。至于人粪和饼肥,用量也很少。全市绿肥面积由1966年的19.3万亩降为1986年的1.79万亩。有机肥料质量也有下降趋势。目前江阴市土壤有机质平均含量仅2.1％。(2)有机肥与无机肥比例失调,氮、磷、钾肥不配套。据调查,1966年有机肥 Fertilizers and soil are the basis of crop growth. Fertilizing and fertilizing soil is an important way to achieve high and stable yield. At present, the problems of soil fertilizers in agricultural production are concentrated in five aspects: (1) The quantity of organic fertilizers is reduced and the quality is reduced. According to a survey of 76 villages in 19 villages and towns in Jiangyin City, the amount of pig fat was 6.53 in 1956 and 20 in each village in 1980 (the amount of mu in Shishan was reduced to 11.7 in 1987). The amount of grass pond mud was also reduced from 103.7 to 88.8, most of the past two years without grass pond mud. As for manure and cake, the amount used is also very small. The area of ​​green manure in the city dropped from 19.3 thousand mu in 1966 to 17.9 thousand mu in 1986. The quality of organic fertilizer also has a downward trend. At present, Jiangyin City, the average content of soil organic matter was only 2.1%. (2) the imbalance of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is not complete. According to the survey, 1966 organic fertilizer