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目的了解北京市3~6岁儿童体质状况及发展变化趋势,为开展科学的体格锻炼提供依据。方法按照随机整群抽样的原则抽取北京市3~6岁儿童5 813例。测试指标包括:身高、坐高、体重、胸围、皮褶厚度、安静心率、立定跳远、网球掷远、坐位体前屈、10 m折返跑、走平衡木和双脚持续跳跃。结果各项形态指标存在性别差异,身高、坐高、体重、胸围男童均大于女童,皮褶厚度除6岁组之外女童大于男童。5年间,身高、坐高、体重、胸围均有不同程度的增加,其中体重平均增加0.49 kg,身高、胸围、坐高分别平均增长1.00 cm、1.16 cm和0.31 cm。儿童安静心率男童为88.36~94.31次/min,女童为90.44~95.86次/min,均低于全国水平。男童立定跳远、网球掷远、10 m折返跑、走平衡木和双脚连续跳优于女童,女童坐位体前屈优于男童,存在性别差异。立定跳远、走平衡木、双脚连续跳成绩大都有提高;男童坐位体前屈成绩下降;6岁组10米折返跑、网球掷远成绩下降;3岁组网球掷远成绩有提高,但仍低于全国水平。结论身高、体重等形态指标增长符合3~6岁儿童生长发育规律;心脏功能发育良好;素质指标总体上优于全国水平,部分指标尚有待提高;应结合体质监测的结果开展科学的体格锻炼,加强对大班儿童监管。
Objective To understand the physical status and development trend of 3-6-year-old children in Beijing and to provide basis for scientific physical exercise. Methods According to the principle of random cluster sampling, 5 813 children aged 3-6 in Beijing were collected. Test indicators include: height, height, weight, bust, skinfold thickness, quiet heart rate, standing long jump, tennis throw away, sitting body flexion, 10 m turn back run, walking balance beam and his feet continue to jump. Results There were gender differences in morphological indexes. The height, height, weight and bust of boys were all greater than those of girls. The thickness of dermatomes was higher than that of boys except 6 years old. The height, height, weight and chest circumference all increased to different extents in 5 years. The body weight increased by 0.49 kg on average, and the height, chest circumference and sitting height increased by 1.00 cm, 1.16 cm and 0.31 cm, respectively. Child quiet heart rate of 88.36 to 94.31 boys / min, girls 90.44 ~ 95.86 times / min, were lower than the national average. Boys stand long jump, tennis throw away, 10 m turn back run, walking balance beam and feet continuously jump better than girls, girls sitting front flexion better than boys, there are gender differences. Standing long jump, take the balance beam, most of the results of continuous jump of both feet have improved; boy sitting position body flexion performance decline; 6-year-old group of 10 meters turn back run, tennis throw away performance decline; Below the national level. Conclusions The growth of height, weight and other morphological indexes are in line with the growth and development of children aged 3 to 6 years. The heart function is well developed. The quality indexes are generally better than the national level, and some indicators still need to be improved. Scientific physical exercises should be carried out according to the results of physical monitoring. Strengthen the supervision of children in large classes.