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本文首先阐述语言学对“言语”一词的定义,并从与语言对立的角度以及脱离开这一角度归纳言语的诸多特征。文章介绍索绪尔以来不同语言学家的言语观,对布拉格学派、加德纳、谢尔巴、科谢里乌直至乔姆斯基等人的相应观点均有所涉及。这一阐述有助于加深认识语言与言语的关系以及相关学说的发展历程。
This article first elaborates on the definition of the word “speech” by linguistics and summarizes many features of the speech from the point of view of being opposite to the language and of separating from it. This essay introduces the linguistic concepts of different linguists since Saussure, and deals with the corresponding viewpoints of Prague School, Gardner, Sherpa, Kosherui and Chomsky. This exposition helps to deepen the understanding of the relationship between language and speech and the development of related theories.