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目的研究食管癌、贲门癌组织中Ｐ５３基因蛋白表达情况及其意义。方法采用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法检测了６０例食管癌、贲门癌组织中Ｐ５３基因蛋白表达情况，并结合肿瘤的某些病理特点如分化程度、ＴＮＭ分期等进行了分析。结果Ｐ５３基因蛋白过度表达的阳性率高分化组（７５％）与中（９６．９％）、低（１００％）分化组之间差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。食管癌，Ⅱ期与Ⅲ期的Ｐ５３基因蛋白过度表达的阳性率分别为９５．７％和９２．３％；贲门癌，Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期阳性率分别为６６．７％、１００％和９３．３％，经检验，食管癌、贲门癌组织中Ｐ５３基因蛋白过度表达与肿瘤ＴＮＭ分期之间无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论随着肿瘤分化程度的降低，Ｐ５３基因蛋白过度表达的阳性率将增高，Ｐ５３基因蛋白有可能成为判断食管癌、贲门癌恶性程度的指标之一；ｐ５３基因突变及Ｐ５３基因蛋白过度表达不仅出现在食管癌、贲门癌发生、发展的晚期阶段，而在早期阶段就已存在并起作用。
Objective To investigate the expression and significance of P53 gene protein in esophageal and cardiac cancers. Methods Immunohistochemical ABC method was used to detect the expression of P53 gene protein in 60 cases of esophageal and cardiac cancers. The pathological features of tumors such as differentiation and TNM staging were analyzed. Results The positive rate of over-expression of P53 gene protein was significantly different between the well-differentiated group (75%), middle (96.9%) and low (100%) differentiated group (P<0.01). The positive rates of overexpression of P53 gene protein in esophageal cancer, stage II and stage III were 95.7% and 92.3%, respectively. The positive rates of cardiac cancer, stage I, stage II, and stage III were 66.7% and 100%, respectively. % and 93.3%, after examination, there was no difference between P53 gene protein overexpression and tumor TNM stage in esophageal and cardiac cancer (P>0.05). Conclusion With the decrease of tumor differentiation, the positive rate of overexpression of P53 gene protein will increase, and P53 gene protein may become one of the indicators for judging the malignant degree of esophageal and cardiac cancers; p53 gene mutation and overexpression of P53 gene protein not only appear At the late stage of esophageal cancer, cardia cancer, and development, it already exists and works in the early stage.