论文部分内容阅读
名词性从句中的表语从句越来越受到高考命题者青睐。同时它也是学生学习中最容易混淆的点，又是教学重点。
一、表语从句的定义
表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词除了be以外，还有一些特殊连系动词，如：look，smell，taste，feel，fall, come，go（变成……），become，grow（渐渐地变化），turn（变成，一般用于颜色），appear，seem，get，keep，remain，stay等。
二、表语从句在高考中常见的考查
1. 对系动词的考查
可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，seem，sound，appear等。
•China is no longer what she used to be.
2. 对从属连词的考查
从属连词whether，as，as if/though引导的表语从句。
•He looked just as he had looked ten years before.
•My question is whether he left (or not).
注：if不能引导表语从句。但as if除外。
3. 对 because，why引导的表语从句考查
•That’s because he didn’t understand me.（That’s because…强调原因）
•That’s why he got angry with me.（That’s why…强调结果）
注意：what引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because.
4. 对连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever；
连接副词 where，when，how，why的考查
•The problem is who we can get to replace her.
•The question is how he did it.
5. 对从属连词that的考查
•The trouble is that I have lost his address.
6. 对使用虚拟语气的表语从句的考查
在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形” 表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice，suggestion，order，proposal，plan，idea等。
•My suggestion is that we （should） start early tomorrow.
7. 对连词that引导的表语从句的考查
•The fact is that he left.
注意：引导表语从句的连词that间或可以省略。
三、应特别注意的问题
1. 表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.
Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
2. 不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）。
引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether；位于介词后要用whether；位于句首时要用whether；引导表语从句，主语从句，同位语从句时要用whether。
False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.
3. 不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。
Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.
4. that在表语从句中不可以省掉。
四、实例分析
1. The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.
A. when B. why C. whether D. that
解析：D下划线后是包含一个原因状语从句的表语从句，若看不出它是充当整个句子结构的表语从句将难以把握句意。因此，应选择可引导名词性从句且不充当任何成分的that。
2. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ______ I disagree.
A. why B. where C. whatD. how
解析：B 下划线处的引导词引导系动词is后的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当地点状语（“disagree” 属于不及物动词，“I disagree” 本身是完整的主谓结构）)，下划线应填入引导词where，表语从句 “where I disagree” 的意思是“我不同意之处、 我不同意的地方”。
3. —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
—Is that ______ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. what D. where
解析：A题干中，下划线处的引导词引导与系动词is连用的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当原因状语，下划线应填入表示“因此……”(指因某种原因所造成的结果)的引导词why。
4. ______ she couldn’t understand was ______ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that
解析：A第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当宾语， 特指她所不理解的事情，应填入关系代词型的引导词what；第二个下划线处表示“因此……”(指因某种原因所造成的后果，由why引导对应的名词性从句)而不是“为什么……”(指原因、 理由，由because引导对应的名词性从句)，应填入引导词why。
5. ______ made the school proud was ______ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D. That; because
解析：B第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当主语，特指令校方骄傲的事情， 应选用关系代词型的引导词what；第二个下划线处引导表语从句表示原因、 理由，应由that引导对应的名词性从句。
6. — Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
—Oh, that’s______.
A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited
解析：A四个选项中A最适合跟代表 “game” 的主语that对应，充当表语从句。
五、巧记表语从句口诀
系动词之后加从句，语序按照陈述句。三个系动词常用到，look，seem，and be。
六、实战演练
1. ______ all the inventions have in common is ______ they have succeeded.
A. What; what B. That; that C. What; that D. That; what
2. Energy is ______ makes thing work.
A. what B. something C. anything D. that
3. This is ______ the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed.
A. there B. in which C. where D. when
4. He looked ______ he had just stepped out of my book of fairy tales and had passed me like a spirit.
A. as if B. whether C. that D. even if
5. I’d like to start my own business—that’s ______ I’d do if I had the money.
A. why B. when C. which D. what
6. One reason for her preference for city life is ______ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
A. that B. how C. what D. why
7. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was ______ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.
A. what B. that C. why D. whether
Keys: 1 — 5 CACAD 6 — 7 AB
一、表语从句的定义
表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词除了be以外，还有一些特殊连系动词，如：look，smell，taste，feel，fall, come，go（变成……），become，grow（渐渐地变化），turn（变成，一般用于颜色），appear，seem，get，keep，remain，stay等。
二、表语从句在高考中常见的考查
1. 对系动词的考查
可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，seem，sound，appear等。
•China is no longer what she used to be.
2. 对从属连词的考查
从属连词whether，as，as if/though引导的表语从句。
•He looked just as he had looked ten years before.
•My question is whether he left (or not).
注：if不能引导表语从句。但as if除外。
3. 对 because，why引导的表语从句考查
•That’s because he didn’t understand me.（That’s because…强调原因）
•That’s why he got angry with me.（That’s why…强调结果）
注意：what引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because.
4. 对连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever；
连接副词 where，when，how，why的考查
•The problem is who we can get to replace her.
•The question is how he did it.
5. 对从属连词that的考查
•The trouble is that I have lost his address.
6. 对使用虚拟语气的表语从句的考查
在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形” 表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice，suggestion，order，proposal，plan，idea等。
•My suggestion is that we （should） start early tomorrow.
7. 对连词that引导的表语从句的考查
•The fact is that he left.
注意：引导表语从句的连词that间或可以省略。
三、应特别注意的问题
1. 表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.
Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
2. 不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）。
引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether；位于介词后要用whether；位于句首时要用whether；引导表语从句，主语从句，同位语从句时要用whether。
False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.
3. 不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。
Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.
4. that在表语从句中不可以省掉。
四、实例分析
1. The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.
A. when B. why C. whether D. that
解析：D下划线后是包含一个原因状语从句的表语从句，若看不出它是充当整个句子结构的表语从句将难以把握句意。因此，应选择可引导名词性从句且不充当任何成分的that。
2. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ______ I disagree.
A. why B. where C. whatD. how
解析：B 下划线处的引导词引导系动词is后的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当地点状语（“disagree” 属于不及物动词，“I disagree” 本身是完整的主谓结构）)，下划线应填入引导词where，表语从句 “where I disagree” 的意思是“我不同意之处、 我不同意的地方”。
3. —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
—Is that ______ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. what D. where
解析：A题干中，下划线处的引导词引导与系动词is连用的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当原因状语，下划线应填入表示“因此……”(指因某种原因所造成的结果)的引导词why。
4. ______ she couldn’t understand was ______ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that
解析：A第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当宾语， 特指她所不理解的事情，应填入关系代词型的引导词what；第二个下划线处表示“因此……”(指因某种原因所造成的后果，由why引导对应的名词性从句)而不是“为什么……”(指原因、 理由，由because引导对应的名词性从句)，应填入引导词why。
5. ______ made the school proud was ______ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D. That; because
解析：B第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当主语，特指令校方骄傲的事情， 应选用关系代词型的引导词what；第二个下划线处引导表语从句表示原因、 理由，应由that引导对应的名词性从句。
6. — Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
—Oh, that’s______.
A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited
解析：A四个选项中A最适合跟代表 “game” 的主语that对应，充当表语从句。
五、巧记表语从句口诀
系动词之后加从句，语序按照陈述句。三个系动词常用到，look，seem，and be。
六、实战演练
1. ______ all the inventions have in common is ______ they have succeeded.
A. What; what B. That; that C. What; that D. That; what
2. Energy is ______ makes thing work.
A. what B. something C. anything D. that
3. This is ______ the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed.
A. there B. in which C. where D. when
4. He looked ______ he had just stepped out of my book of fairy tales and had passed me like a spirit.
A. as if B. whether C. that D. even if
5. I’d like to start my own business—that’s ______ I’d do if I had the money.
A. why B. when C. which D. what
6. One reason for her preference for city life is ______ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
A. that B. how C. what D. why
7. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was ______ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.
A. what B. that C. why D. whether
Keys: 1 — 5 CACAD 6 — 7 AB