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前言世界各个采煤国家在煤田开发过程中,为了保护地面建筑物和铁路线免受开采的有害影响,以及防止水体(河流、湖泊、水库和含水冲积层等)内的水淹没采区和矿井,在井下留设了大量保护煤柱。随着工业的发展,矿区地面建筑物和铁路线日益增多,煤炭开采深度加大,煤柱的尺寸要比地面所保护的对象大得多,压煤量是很惊人的。例如,波兰上西里西亚煤田生产矿井压在保护煤柱中的煤炭储量达35亿吨,为矿井总平衡表内储量的40％。
Preface Coal mining countries in the world develop coalfields to protect ground structures and rail lines from the harmful effects of mining and to prevent water flooding in water bodies (rivers, lakes, reservoirs and aquifer reservoirs, etc.) and mines , Leaving a large number of underground coal pillar protection. With the development of industry, the number of ground buildings and railway lines in mining area is increasing day by day. The depth of coal mining is increased. The size of coal pillars is much larger than the ground protection, and the amount of coal dredging is very alarming. For example, coal production in the Upper Silesian coalfield in Poland, which holds mine pressure in the protection pillars, amounts to 3.5 billion tons, representing 40% of the reserves in the mine’s balance sheet.