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冰湖是由于冰川活动或者退缩产生的融水在冰川前部或者侧部汇集而成的,可分为冰川终碛湖(冰碛阻塞湖)、冰川阻塞湖、冰斗湖和冰蚀槽谷湖。其中分布数量较多、规模较大,且灾害风险较高的是冰川终碛湖。因此,冰川终碛湖是研究冰湖的主要对象。受全球气候变暖的影响,冰湖溃决产生的洪水、泥石流等重大冰川灾害的发生频率有所升高,灾害的影响程度以及范围也有所加大,引起了冰川山地国家的广泛关注。青藏高原内部发育着36793条现代冰川,冰川面积49873.44km2,分别占中国冰川总条数、总面积和冰储量的79.5%、84%和81.6%。在全球气候变暖的大背景下,多数冰川呈加速消融及退缩的态势,导致了冰湖溃决洪水和冰川泥石流等重大冰川灾害发生频率的加剧和影响程度的加大。本文围绕冰湖溃决条件、冰湖稳定性评价、冰湖溃决洪水模拟等几个研究方面,对青藏高原冰湖研究的现状及进展进行了较为系统的总结,并对未来研究趋势进行了展望。
Glacial lakes are pools of meltwater resulting from glacier activity or retreat converging on the front or sides of the glacier, and can be divided into glacial lake (Lake Moraine), glacial lake, glacial lake and glacial trough lake. Among them, a large number of distribution, large scale, and high risk of disaster is the end of Lake glaciers Moraine Lake. Therefore, the glacier Mian Zhuo Lake is the main object of the study of glaciers. Affected by global warming, glacial lake landslides and other major glacier disasters have risen more frequently, and the extent and scope of the disasters have also increased, causing widespread concern in the glacial mountainous countries. 36793 modern glaciers are developed in the interior of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with a glacier area of 49873.44km2, accounting for 79.5%, 84% and 81.6% of the total number of glaciers in China and the total area and ice reserves respectively. In the global context of global warming, most glaciers have accelerated their abatement and withdrawal. This has led to the aggravating and increasing impact of major glacial catastrophes such as glacial lake floods and glacial debris flow. In this paper, the current situation and progress of ice-lake research in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are systematically summarized in the aspects of ice-lake collapse conditions, evaluation of glacial lake stability and ice-flooding flood simulation. Finally, the future research trends are prospected.