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新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)是新生儿期常见的严重胃肠道急症,以往研究认为,早产、感染、配方奶喂养、缺血缺氧是引发NEC的重要因素。近年来大量研究表明,肠道菌群失衡是引发NEC的重要和基础原因,新生儿生后肠道获取健康的共生菌,可以阻断因肠道正常菌群缺失或异常的菌群定植过程,使未成熟肠道免于炎症或损伤,这是降低NEC发生风险的关键因素。提供益生菌可维护肠道菌群平衡,使致病型微生态模式转换至保护型健康的微生态模式,防御肠道的炎症损害,预防NEC发生。此篇文章阐述了早产儿NEC与肠道菌群的关系,阐明了益生菌制剂防治NEC的作用机制、临床疗效和安全性。
Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a common severe gastrointestinal emergency in the neonatal period. Previous studies suggested that preterm birth, infection, formula feeding and hypoxia and hypoxia are the important factors that trigger NEC. In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that the imbalance of intestinal flora is the important and basic cause of NEC. Neonatal gut obtained healthy commensal bacteria, can block due to the absence of normal intestinal flora or abnormal flora colonization process, Preventing the immature gut from inflammation or injury is a key factor in reducing the risk of NEC. Probiotics are provided to maintain the balance of gut microbiota, convert the pathogenic microecological model to a protective, healthy microecological model, protect against inflammatory bowel disease and prevent NEC. This article describes the relationship between preterm neonatal NEC and intestinal flora, and elucidates the mechanism, clinical efficacy and safety of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of NEC.