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美国国会曾经推出S.2067、S.376、S.377、S.798、S.990、H.R.850等多部加密法案。“9.11恐怖袭击”之后,美国加密工具的立法进程已经陷入停滞。美国产生过两类立法:改造环境的立法、改造自然人的立法。后一类立法中,南北战争前维护奴隶制度的立法、二战前的优生学立法都已经被废弃。然而,随着生物技术的发展,这些立法体现的立法模型(通过甄别、处置人的生物学特征分配社会待遇、社会权利)可能演变出一些切实可行的制度安排。美国加密工具的立法前途取决于一个二取其一的选择:法律应改造环境?抑或改造自然人?
The United States Congress has introduced a number of encryption laws such as S.2067, S.376, S.377, S.798, S.990 and H.R.850. After the September 11 terrorist attacks, the legislative process of US encryption tools has come to a standstill. There have been two types of legislation in the United States: legislation to reform the environment and to reform the legislation of natural persons. In the latter type of legislation, the legislation on the maintenance of slavery before the Civil War and the prenational legislation on eugenics before World War II had been abandoned. However, with the development of biotechnology, the legislative model embodied by these legislation (through the identification and treatment of human biological characteristics, social treatment and social rights) may evolve some feasible institutional arrangements. The legislative future of US encryption tools depends on a two-for-one alternative: Should the law reform the environment or reinvent natural persons?