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本文针对中国西南山区作物病害发病高峰与降雨高峰重叠难以防治的难点,进行了生态调控马铃薯与玉米种植结构避雨避病的试验。试验结果表明,时间上提前和推后马铃薯种植避开了降雨高峰,平均降低晚疫病病情指数44.3%。空间上行距拉宽株距缩小,通风透光减轻病害,套种玉米的大斑病平均降低病情指数为14.8%,小斑病平均降低22.5%。本试验的另一重要结果表明,通过调整马铃薯种植结构可以大幅度提高耕地产出率,马铃薯与玉米套种,提前和推后种植马铃薯分别提高土地利用率1.738-1.766。本文研究结果对作物病害的生态防治和增加粮食产量有重要现实意义。通过时空优化作物与环境的配置,合理利用农业生态结构,适应最佳生态环境,实现优质高产高效。
In this paper, aiming at the difficulty of prevention and treatment of crop disease peak and rainfall overlap in Southwest mountainous area in China, this paper carried out the experiment on ecological regulation of planting structure of potato and corn in avoiding rain and avoiding disease. The results showed that the time advance and postponement of potato planting avoided the peak of rainfall, and the average disease index of late blight decreased by 44.3%. Space spacing upside down spacing narrowed, ventilation and light to reduce disease, intercropped maize big spot disease on average reduce the disease index was 14.8%, the average reduction of small spot 22.5%. Another important result of this experiment shows that by adjusting the planting structure of potato, the yield of arable land can be greatly improved, the intercropping of potato and corn can be greatly improved, and the potato utilization can be increased by 1.738-1.766, respectively. The results of this paper have important practical significance for the ecological control of crop diseases and increasing the grain yield. Optimize the configuration of crops and environment through space-time, make rational use of agro-ecological structure, adapt to the best ecological environment, and realize high quality, high yield and high efficiency.