目的观察头孢哌酮/他唑巴坦(8∶1)治疗具有耐药危险因素下呼吸道感染的疗效与安全性。方法选择2011年11月—2012年11月呼吸科收治入院的具有耐药危险因素的下呼吸道感染患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组患者给予头孢哌酮/他唑巴坦(8∶1)治疗;对照组给予头孢哌酮治疗。结果共入选病例96例,其中淘汰11例,最终列入疗效分析的共计85例,治疗组45例,对照组40例,治疗组痊愈率64.4%,有效率为88.9%,细菌清除率为80%,对照组痊愈率40.0%,有效率67.5%,细菌清除率45.5%,上述结果两组比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组、对照组不良反应发生率分别为4.3%、4.8%,两组比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论头孢哌酮他唑巴坦钠(8∶1)治疗具有耐药危险因素下呼吸道感染疗效强于头孢哌酮,不良反应较头孢哌酮无明显增多,使用安全。 Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of cefoperazone / tazobactam (8: 1) in the treatment of respiratory tract infections with resistance risk factors. Methods Patients with lower respiratory tract infection who were admitted to Department of Respiratory Diseases from November 2011 to November 2012 were randomly divided into treatment group and control group. Patients in treatment group were given cefoperazone / tazobactam (8 : 1) treatment; control group given cefoperazone treatment. Results A total of 96 cases were enrolled in this study. Among them, 11 cases were eliminated and 85 cases were finally included in the curative effect analysis. 45 cases in the treatment group and 40 cases in the control group were cured. The cure rate was 64.4%, the effective rate was 88.9% and the bacterial clearance rate was 80 %, The cure rate of the control group was 40.0%, the effective rate was 67.5% and the bacterial clearance rate was 45.5%. There was significant difference between the two groups (P <0.05). The incidences of adverse reactions in the treatment group and the control group were 4.3% , 4.8% respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). Conclusion Cefoperazone tazobactam sodium (8: 1) is more effective than cefoperazone in the treatment of respiratory tract infections with risk factors, and the adverse reactions are not significantly increased compared with cefoperazone, which is safe for use.