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灌溉农业在显著提高作物产量的同时,其灌溉回流中的盐和农业化学负荷也会给河流水质带来某些负面影响。评估了埃布罗河流域所选取的31个水文站的盐度和离子浓度,说明了灌溉用水的水质特征,分析了灌溉对河流水质的影响。从盐度(EC)、NO3和PO4浓度来看,河流水质总体上良好。尽管可能会出现敏感土壤退化问题,但该流域内一些重要灌溉工程的水质基本适宜作物的生长浇灌。通过初步分析灌溉农业对河流水量和水质的影响,发现接收高浓度的盐和NO3的灌溉回流的河流受到的影响十分显著。由于该流域大多数灌溉用水的盐度较低,因此,不会因作物根区土壤盐化影响作物产量,从而可以获得最大的灌溉效率。
Irrigated agriculture, while significantly increasing crop yields, also has some negative effects on river water quality from salt and agrochemical loads in irrigation backwaters. The salinity and ion concentrations of 31 hydrological stations selected in the Ebro Basin were assessed, the water quality characteristics of the irrigation water were analyzed, and the effect of irrigation on river water quality was analyzed. In terms of salinity (EC), NO3 and PO4 concentrations, the river water quality is generally good. Although sensitive soil degradation problems may occur, the water quality of some important irrigation works in the basin is basically suitable for the growth and irrigation of crops. Through the preliminary analysis of the impact of irrigated agriculture on river water quantity and quality, it is found that the impact of irrigated rivers receiving high concentrations of salt and NO3 is significant. Due to the low salinity of most irrigation water in the basin, maximum irrigation efficiency will not be achieved because crop salinization in the crop root zone affects crop yields.