孔子思想的核心,论者或主“仁”,或主“礼”,或主“仁内礼外”说,皆忽视了“义”在其中的地位。拙意以为,孔子思想的核心是由“仁”、“义”、“礼”三者构成的一个整体结构。在这一结构整体中,“礼”属国家制度体系和与之相应的行为规范系统,“仁”与“义”属道德意识范畴。“仁”与“义”既相对立,又统一于“礼”,三者相互制约,不可或缺。这一结构体的意义在一系列主要方面都呈现着二重性(对立统一性)。 The core, theorists, or the main “benevolence”, or the main “courtesy” or the “inner benevolence” of Confucianism all ignore the status of “righteousness” in it. In my opinion, the core of Confucianism is an overall structure consisting of “benevolence,” “righteousness,” and “courtesy.” In this structure as a whole, “ceremony” is a system of state institutions and the corresponding code of conduct system, “benevolence” and “justice” belong to the category of moral awareness. “Benevolence” and “righteousness” are both antagonistic and unified in “ceremony”, and the three are mutually restricted and indispensable. The meaning of this structure presents duality (unity of opposites) in a series of major aspects.