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比喻往往是令译者伤脑筋的东西。比喻翻译的困难在于某种形象和某种意义(以联想意义为基础的比喻意义，即语用意义)的结合往往是约定俗成的。这种结合的可能性在各种语言里不尽相同。因此译者必须在保留原语形象，转换原语形象或者舍弃原语形象而只传达喻义这三者之间做出选择。 比喻是文学作品中常用的一种修辞手段。有人指出英语词汇中四分之三都是“死去的比喻”(dead metaphors)，如sea(the whale-road)，thechieftains(thetreasure-keepers)等。比喻包括暗喻(metaphor：the sunshine of her smile)、明喻(simile：“as cold waters to a thirsty soul，so is good news from a far country”)、换喻(metonymy，如用kremlin代表苏联领导人；用the Pentagon代表美国国防部)和提喻(synecdoche，如用sail来指船)。它们共同的特点，在于用一种物体或观念(通常是具体的)代称另一个物体或观念，或者用一个物体的一部分代称其主体。 以下针对具体情况，讨论处理比喻的五种翻译方法：
Metaphor is often something that translates the minds of the translator. The difficulty of metaphor translation lies in the fact that the combination of a certain image and some meaning (metaphorical meaning based on associative meaning, that is, pragmatic meaning) is often conventionally established. The possibilities for this combination vary from language to language. Therefore, the translator must make a choice between preserving the image of the original language, converting the image of the original language or discarding the image of the original language, and only communicating the meaning of the metaphor. Metaphor is a commonly used rhetorical device in literary works. Someone pointed out that three quarters of the English vocabulary is “dead metaphors,” such as sea (the whale-road), thechieftains (thetreasure-keepers) and others. Metaphors include the metaphor: the sunshine of her smile, simile: “as cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country”), metonymy (eg, kremlin on behalf of the Soviet leaders; With the Pentagon on behalf of the U.S. Department of Defense) and the synecdoche (as in sail to refer to a ship). They share the common feature of representing another object or concept of an object or idea (usually specific), or substituting a part of an object for its subject. The following specific circumstances, to deal with the analogy of the five translation methods: