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新生儿窒息189例,重症窒息83例,轻症窒息106例。主要急救措施:气管插管正压给氧(重症),时间5分钟～20分钟以上。均做气管吸引,吸引后正压给氧。脐静脉推注5％碳酸氢钠。心率<100次/分时做心脏按压等。复苏后处理包括1.4％碳酸氢钠和20％甘露醇。少数采用鼻塞持续正压给氧(CPAP),持续正压通气。轻症窒息采用面罩加压给氧,1.4％碳酸氢钠纠酸及脱水疗法及氧疗。对窒息伴羊水胎粪污染、胎粪粘稠、胎粪不粘稠(但为Ⅱ度者),进行气管插管眙粪吸引。不能吸出者行气管冲洗。儿科医师要充分认识窒息的病理生理过程,窒息的多脏器损害。重视窒息现场抢救,使病死率大幅度下降。纠正缺氧,减少神经系统后遗症。
189 cases of neonatal asphyxia, 83 cases of severe asphyxia and 106 cases of mild asphyxia. First-aid measures: Positive endotracheal intubation oxygen (severe), time 5 minutes to 20 minutes or more. Trachea are done to attract positive pressure to oxygen. Umbilical vein bolus 5% sodium bicarbonate. Heart rate <100 beats / min to do heart pressure and so on. Post-recovery treatments include 1.4% sodium bicarbonate and 20% mannitol. A small number of patients with nasal continuous positive pressure oxygen (CPAP), continuous positive pressure ventilation. Mild asphyxia mask pressurized oxygen, 1.4% sodium bicarbonate correction and dehydration therapy and oxygen therapy. Asphyxia with amniotic fluid meconium pollution, meconium-rich, non-sticky meconium (but for those who are), tracheal intubation dung dung to attract. Can not suck the trachea rinse. Pediatricians should fully understand the pathophysiology of suffocation, suffocation multiple organ damage. Emphasis on rescuing on-site resuscitation, so that fatality rate dropped significantly. Correct hypoxia, reduce nervous system sequelae.