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自我诊断:(1)便秘是指大便次数减少和粪便干燥难解。一般将2～3天以上无排便者称之为便秘。亦有定义为排便后8小时内所进食物的残渣在40小时内未能排出者。(2)便秘有急性和慢性之分,按病因可分为功能性便秘和器质性便秘两种,临床上以慢性功能性便秘为多见。慢性功能性便秘常见于习惯性便秘和老年人便秘等,其原因较多,一般多系进食过少、食品过于精细、缺乏纤维素、久病卧床、腹肌无力、忽视培养适时排便习惯、精神紧张、生活节奏被打乱、生活环境改变、缺乏运动、饮水过少等引起;器质性便秘可由直肠炎、结肠炎、结肠肿瘤、甲状腺功能减退、糖尿病并发神经病变、某些药物如吗啡制剂、抗抑郁药、氢氧化铝等引起。(3)便秘者都有粪便干结,排便费力现象,有的粪便呈羊粪状,表示有结肠痉挛的因素存在。由于用力排便,可引起肛门疼痛、肛裂、诱发痔疮和肛门乳头炎,甚至可引发心绞痛。便秘时常可同时有腹胀、腹痛、食欲不振等症状,较瘦的患者常可在左下腹扪及肠型或粪块。(4)为了明确病因,最好做一些必要的检查,如直肠指检、胃肠钡餐造影、气钡灌肠、纤维肠镜等检查,以排除器质性便秘之可能。
Self-diagnosis: (1) Constipation refers to the reduction of stool frequency and stool dryness. Usually 2 to 3 days without defecation called constipation. There are also defined as the residue within 8 hours after the defecation of food in 40 hours failed to discharge. (2) Constipation has acute and chronic points, according to the cause can be divided into functional constipation and organic constipation two, clinical chronic constipation is more common. Chronic functional constipation is common in habitual constipation and constipation in the elderly, etc., for many reasons, the general system of eating too little food is too fine, lack of cellulose, chronic illness, bed weakness, weakness, neglect to develop timely bowel habits, the spirit of Nervous, disrupted life rhythm, changes in living environment, lack of exercise, drinking too little and so on; organic constipation may be proctitis, colitis, colon cancer, hypothyroidism, diabetic neuropathy, certain drugs such as morphine preparations , Antidepressants, aluminum hydroxide and other causes. (3) constipation have stool dry end, defecation laborious phenomenon, and some manure showed sheep feces, said there is a factor of colon spasm. Due to forced defecation, can cause anal pain, anal fissure, induced hemorrhoids and anal nippleitis, and even lead to angina. Constipation can often have both abdominal distension, abdominal pain, loss of appetite and other symptoms often, leaner patients often palpable in the left lower quadrant intestinal or fecal block. (4) In order to clarify the cause, it is best to do some necessary checks, such as digital rectal examination, gastrointestinal barium meal imaging, barium enema, fiber colonoscopy and other tests to rule out the possibility of organic constipation.