目的:探讨我国石斛属野生种质资源的遗传多样性和亲缘关系。方法:运用RAPD技术对11种野生石斛进行基因组DNA多态性分析,NTSYS软件分析扩增结果。结果:从100条随机引物中筛选出15个随机引物用于供试材料DNA进行随机扩增,共产生152条带,其中多态性片段有129条,多态性百分率占84.9%。采用UPGMA类平均法对扩增结果进行遗传聚类分析,得出反映种间亲缘关系的树状图:在遗传距离=0.6处,可将供试材料分为4类。结论:RAPD技术较好地揭示了石斛属野生种质资源的遗传背景和亲缘关系。 Objective: To explore the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of wild Dendrobium species in China. Methods: 11 kinds of wild Dendrobium were analyzed by genomic DNA polymorphism using RAPD technology. NTSYS software was used to analyze the amplification results. RESULTS: Fifteen random primers were screened from 100 random primers for random amplification of the test material DNA. A total of 152 bands were generated, of which 129 were polymorphic fragments and the percentage of polymorphism was 84.9%. UPGMA class average method was used for genetic cluster analysis of the amplification results to obtain a dendrogram reflecting the genetic relationship between species: At genetic distance = 0.6, the test materials can be divided into 4 categories. Conclusion: The RAPD technique well reveals the genetic background and genetic relationship of wild Dendrobium species.