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今天,提起自然科学,我们指的是产生于西方文化中的一种特定的关于知识和知识对象、关于自然科学和自然的观念。我们可以将理性科学和哲学的西方传统追溯到古希腊人通过争论与证明,而不是通过习惯、法令、权威、启示或其他原则与实践解决问题的信念上。古希腊人提出了区别于教条的问题概念、进而将人的思想与实践活动用于认识和解决问题。通过确定现存的世界是一个连贯的、可认识的理性因果关系系统,古希腊哲学家、数学家和医学家将自身的成功完全寄托于这一有效的思想趋向。
Today, to bring about natural sciences, we mean a specific object of knowledge and knowledge that arises in Western culture, ideas about the natural sciences and nature. We can trace the Western traditions of rational science and philosophy back to the conviction of the ancient Greeks that they argue and prove rather than solve problems by custom, decree, authority, revelation, or other principles and practices. The ancient Greeks put forward the concept of the problem different from dogma, and then used the thought and practice of human beings to recognize and solve the problem. By identifying the existing world as a coherent, recognizable system of rational causation, the ancient Greek philosophers, mathematicians and physicians fully placed their own success in this effective trend of thought.