车轮是车辆走行部份的重要部件。在车辆运行过程中,车轮上作用着静、动作用力以及热载荷的复杂组合。此外,在车轮辐板中还产生相当大的工艺残余应力。对运用中出现的车轮裂纹和破裂的分析表明,这些损伤一般都带有疲劳的特征,并可由动作用力引起的相当大的循环应力加以说明。因此,研究车轮在运用中的强度是一项迫切的任务。作用在车轮上的力有(参见图): 车体方面作用到轴颈上的垂直力P_Ⅲ_1和 The wheel is an important part of the moving part of the vehicle. In the vehicle operation process, the role of the wheel static, dynamic force and heat load of the complex combination. In addition, considerable process residual stresses also develop in the wheel web. Analysis of wheel cracks and ruptures that occur during use shows that these injuries are generally characterized by fatigue and can be illustrated by the considerable cyclic stresses caused by the action forces. Therefore, the study of the strength of the wheel in use is an urgent task. The force acting on the wheel (see picture): The vertical force acting on the journal in the body P_III_1 and