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微观史是上世纪70年代兴起于意大利并逐渐传播到英国、法国、美国等其他国家的一种新的史学理论,微观史的研究选择在有限时空内的具有独特性的研究对象,运用提名法(提名法是指“缩小小历史考察的规模,精确到有具体的个人或小规模的群体进行研究的方法。”)和推测法(推测法是指“通过分析、整理将散落在档案文献中的琐碎证据组织起来,复原和构建历史的研究方法。”)的研究方法,通过多学科相结合的方式进行研究,从而揭示出具体历史现象背后的宏观历史普遍性原理。
Micro-history is a new theory of history which rose in Italy in the 1970s and spread to other countries such as Britain, France and the United States. The study of micro-history chooses the unique research object in the limited space-time. (Nomination method refers to the method of narrowing down the size of small historical surveys to the extent that there are specific individuals or small groups conducting research.)) And speculation (speculation means that " The trivial evidences in the archives are organized to reconstruct and build historical research methods, and research is carried out through a combination of disciplines to reveal the macroscopic historical universality principle behind specific historical phenomena.