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收缩式消能工的特点是利用过水断面在宽度上收缩,促使射流在纵向更充分扩散,同时增加水流掺气。这种消能工在原理上特别适用于狭窄河谷中的高水头泄水建筑物。收缩式消能工的一种形式是窄缝挑坎,它在国外应用已近30年的历史,效果良好。我国近年首创的宽尾墩也是一种收缩式消能工,室内试验表明宽尾墩增强消能作用的效果是显著。更兼它结构简单,所形成的收缩射流除与坝面的接触面积显著缩小外,还可大量掺气,对坝面防蚀减蚀也很有利,是一种值得重视的新型消能工。
Shrinkable energy dissipater is characterized by the use of cross-section of water in the contraction width, prompting the jet more fully spread in the longitudinal direction, while increasing water flow aeration. In principle, this energy dissipater is particularly suitable for high head drain structures in narrow valleys. One form of shrinkable energy dissipater is a narrow-gap pick-and-taker, which has been used in foreign countries for almost 30 years and works well. The first flare pier in China in recent years is also a retractable energy dissipater. Laboratory tests show that the effect of reinforcing the flaring pier on the energy dissipation is remarkable. In addition to its simple structure, the contraction jet formed in addition to significantly reduce the contact area with the dam surface, but also a large number of aerated dam corrosion and corrosion is also very beneficial, is a new energy-saving workers worthy of attention.