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目的分析1995—2015年宜昌市艾滋病疫情资料,掌握全市流行特征和变化趋势,为科学制定防控措施提供依据。方法利用艾滋病自愿咨询检测、主动监测、哨点监测、孕妇筛查、专题调查和国家“艾滋病综合防治数据信息管理系统”监测数据,对1995—2015年宜昌市艾滋病疫情资料进行统计分析。结果 1995—2015年全市累计报告HIV/AIDS共720例,近6年病例数占21年总数的68.47%,HIV/AIDS疫情呈低流行、高增长趋势。以15~49岁青壮年为主,占82.64%,<14岁、15~24岁感染者比例分别呈逐年下降、逐年增加趋势。男性HIV/AIDS的比例呈逐年上升趋势。感染者职业从以农民为主逐渐扩散到各行各业。以“已婚有配偶”最多,“未婚”、“离异或丧偶”、“大专及以上”病例逐年增长。病例分布有一定的地区聚集性。感染途径以性传播为主,同性性传播比例呈增长趋势(2011—2015年年平均增长率为22.78%)。结论宜昌市市城区、秭归县、当阳市、夷陵区等重点地区要重点加强艾滋病防治工作。全市应加大监测力度,采取积极有效的预防控制措施,以控制艾滋病传播与流行。
Objective To analyze the epidemic situation of AIDS in Yichang City from 1995 to 2015, master the epidemiological features and trends of the epidemic in Yichang City, and provide the basis for scientific prevention and control measures. Methods The data of HIV / AIDS epidemic in Yichang City from 1995 to 2015 were statistically analyzed using voluntary HIV / AIDS counseling and testing, active surveillance, sentinel surveillance, pregnant women screening, special surveys and monitoring data of the national “Integrated HIV / AIDS Information and Data Management System”. Results A total of 720 cases of HIV / AIDS were reported in the city from 1995 to 2015, accounting for 68.47% of the total in 21 years in the past 6 years. The epidemic situation of HIV / AIDS was low prevalence and high growth. The majority of young adults aged 15 to 49 years, accounting for 82.64%, <14 years old, 15 to 24 years old were infected with the proportion of declining year by year, increasing year by year. The proportion of men living with HIV / AIDS has been increasing year by year. Infected occupations gradually spread to all walks of life from the peasants. “Married spouse ”, “unmarried ”, “divorced or widowed ”, “college and above ” cases grow year by year. Case distribution has a certain degree of regional aggregation. The main routes of transmission are sexual transmission, and the proportion of same-sex transmission shows an increasing trend (average annual growth rate of 22.78% in 2011-2015). Conclusion Yichang City, Zigui County, Dangyang City, Yiling District and other key areas should focus on strengthening AIDS prevention and control. The city should step up monitoring efforts to take active and effective prevention and control measures to control the spread of AIDS and epidemic.