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由于眼睛构造的自然条件,我们的视力是有一定限度的,因此在日常生活中,我们制造光学仪器来辅助眼睛,扩大视力的范围。这类仪器称为助视仪器。为了不同的使用目的,现代光学仪器的制造,是多种多样的。望远镜,放大镜和显微镜是光学仪器中常用的基本助视仪器。在一般的物理学课本上,对这三种仪器的构造原理,都有说明。但不同的课本所讲的内容,并不完全一致,有的解释似不够全面和清楚。最近许多读者来信,对上述三种仪器的成像和放大率提出问题,因此我们认为有必要就成像的位置和放大率这两方面,作一个比较全面的讨论。
Due to the natural conditions of eye structure, our eyesight is limited. Therefore, in daily life, we manufacture optical instruments to help eyes and expand the scope of eyesight. This type of instrument is called a visual aid. For different purposes, the manufacture of modern optical instruments is varied. Telescopes, magnifiers and microscopes are the basic visual aids used in optical instruments. In the general physics textbook, the construction principles of these three instruments are described. However, the contents of different textbooks are not exactly the same. Some explanations may not be comprehensive and clear enough. Many recent letters from readers have raised questions about the imaging and magnification of these three instruments. Therefore, we think it is necessary to make a more comprehensive discussion about the location and magnification of imaging.