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定语从句是高中英语教学的重点和难点，也是历年高考的热点。它主要考查关系词的使用、介词+关系代词的搭配、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别以及关系代词as和which的使用。
一﹑关系代词与关系副词的选用
1. 关系代词与关系副词的区别：
Do you still remember the day (that/which) we spent together?
Do you still remember the day when we stayed together?
I still remember the place (that/which) you visited yesterday.
I still remember the place where you were born.
小结：关系代词who/whom, which, that, whose在定语从句中做主语、宾语、表语；关系副词when, where, why在定语从句中做状语。
2. 关系代词与关系副词的联系：
This is the factory where/in which I worked ten years ago.
Do you remember the days when/on which we first met?
People want to know the reasons why/for which there are so many terrorists.
when = in/on/at/during…+ which
where= in/at/to…+which
why = for which
小结：关系词的选择取决于定语从句中的谓语动词。定语从句中的谓语动词为及物动词，用关系代词。反之，用关系副词。关系副词常可换成“介词+关系代词”。
二﹑介词+关系代词
1. 介词后关系代词的确定
The school in which I studied was large and beautiful.
The students with whom I live are kind and generous.
小结：介词 + which指物(此时不可用that)
介词 + whom指人(此时不可用who)
2. 关系代词作介词的宾语时，介词的位置
The athlete to whom you talked is a famous long-distance runner.
The athlete whom you talked to is a famous long-distance runner.
小结：关系代词, which, whom在从句中作介词的宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间，也可以不提前, 直接放在从句中动词的后面。
3. 关系代词前介词的确定
根据前面的先行词：
We had a meeting at which we discussed the problem.
根据定语从句中动词或形容词：
I’m the teacher to whom you can turn for help.
Beijing is a capital city, of which we are very proud.
根据句意：
Air, without which we can’t live, is quite important.
表示“所有格”或“整体与部分的关系”时，用介词of：
There are 60 students in the class, two thirds of whom are boys.
含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置，如：look for，care about， take care of，think highly of，make use of，speak ill of等。
He is the man whom you are looking for.
而不能写成 He is the man for whom you are looking.
三、限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别
The book (that/which) I lost yesterday is found by him.
我昨天丢失的那本书被他找到了。
The book，which I lost yesterday, is found by him.
他找到了那本书。那书是我昨天丢失的。
My brother who/that loves me very much often telephones me. 很喜欢我的哥哥经常给我打电话。
My brother, who loves me very much, often telephones me. 我的哥哥经常给我打电话。他非常喜欢我。
小结限定性定语从句的主句和从句中间无逗号，从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句会出现意思上的缺失。限定性定语从句的关系词指人、物可用that，做宾语时可省略。
非限定性定语从句：逗号将主句和从句隔开，对先行词起补充作用。如果去掉从句，主句意思不受影响。关系词作宾语不可省略，指人、物不可用that。
四、关系代词as与which引导定语从句的区别
1. 位置不同
As is known to all, Bell invented the telephone.
Bell invented the telephone, as is known to all.
Bell, as is known to all, invented the telephone.
Bell invented the telephone, which is known to all.
小结as引导的定语从句可位于句首、主句中、主句后；which引导的定语从句只能位于主句后。
2. 意义不同
He passed the examination, as we had expected.
He failed in the examination, which we hadn’t expected.
It rained heavily, which made us put off the meeting.
小结as意为“正如，就像”，主、从句的语义一致；
which意为“这一点”，主、从句的语义不一致或从句和主句是因果关系。
3. 结构不同, as常用于一些固定结构中，类似插入语, 如as is well known/as we all know, as we can see, as is said above，as might be imagined，as is reported，as has been pointed out，as is expected，as often happens, as is often the case, as it is等，而which不能。
4. 当先行词被the same, so, as, such 等词修饰时, 多用as引导。
This is the same book as you bought last week.
He is so excellent a boy as we all admire.
Such students as he taught kept in touch with him.
[【练习】]
1.___________(众所周知）, Taiwan is part of China. (know)
2. It rained last night,___________（这使得我们不可能）to have P.E. classes. (make)
3. He is the most hard working classmate in our class,___________(从他那儿我已学到了) so much.(learn)
4.You say that the Golden week should be cancelled, and this is the point___________(我不同意的地方). (disagree)
5. You are supposed to tell me the reason ___________(你支持这项提议的). (favor)
6. He has two sons,___________(他们两个都是化学家). (work)
7. The house,___________(它的屋顶) was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired.（roof）
8. The village___________ (他长大的) is not what it used to be. (grow)
9. He is such a cold man ___________(没有人能和他保持联系). (touch)
10. He succeeded in the competition,___________. (这让他的父母兴奋) (excited)
[【参考答案】]
1. As we all know；As is known to all
2. which made it impossible for us
3. from whom I have learnt
4. where I disagree；to which I disagree；that/which I disagree to
5. for which/why you are in favor of this proposal
6. both of whom work as chemists
7. the roof of which；of which the roof；whose roof
8. where/in which he grew up；that/which he grew up in
9. as nobody can keep in touch with
10. which made his parents excited；which excited his parents
一﹑关系代词与关系副词的选用
1. 关系代词与关系副词的区别：
Do you still remember the day (that/which) we spent together?
Do you still remember the day when we stayed together?
I still remember the place (that/which) you visited yesterday.
I still remember the place where you were born.
小结：关系代词who/whom, which, that, whose在定语从句中做主语、宾语、表语；关系副词when, where, why在定语从句中做状语。
2. 关系代词与关系副词的联系：
This is the factory where/in which I worked ten years ago.
Do you remember the days when/on which we first met?
People want to know the reasons why/for which there are so many terrorists.
when = in/on/at/during…+ which
where= in/at/to…+which
why = for which
小结：关系词的选择取决于定语从句中的谓语动词。定语从句中的谓语动词为及物动词，用关系代词。反之，用关系副词。关系副词常可换成“介词+关系代词”。
二﹑介词+关系代词
1. 介词后关系代词的确定
The school in which I studied was large and beautiful.
The students with whom I live are kind and generous.
小结：介词 + which指物(此时不可用that)
介词 + whom指人(此时不可用who)
2. 关系代词作介词的宾语时，介词的位置
The athlete to whom you talked is a famous long-distance runner.
The athlete whom you talked to is a famous long-distance runner.
小结：关系代词, which, whom在从句中作介词的宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间，也可以不提前, 直接放在从句中动词的后面。
3. 关系代词前介词的确定
根据前面的先行词：
We had a meeting at which we discussed the problem.
根据定语从句中动词或形容词：
I’m the teacher to whom you can turn for help.
Beijing is a capital city, of which we are very proud.
根据句意：
Air, without which we can’t live, is quite important.
表示“所有格”或“整体与部分的关系”时，用介词of：
There are 60 students in the class, two thirds of whom are boys.
含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置，如：look for，care about， take care of，think highly of，make use of，speak ill of等。
He is the man whom you are looking for.
而不能写成 He is the man for whom you are looking.
三、限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别
The book (that/which) I lost yesterday is found by him.
我昨天丢失的那本书被他找到了。
The book，which I lost yesterday, is found by him.
他找到了那本书。那书是我昨天丢失的。
My brother who/that loves me very much often telephones me. 很喜欢我的哥哥经常给我打电话。
My brother, who loves me very much, often telephones me. 我的哥哥经常给我打电话。他非常喜欢我。
小结限定性定语从句的主句和从句中间无逗号，从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句会出现意思上的缺失。限定性定语从句的关系词指人、物可用that，做宾语时可省略。
非限定性定语从句：逗号将主句和从句隔开，对先行词起补充作用。如果去掉从句，主句意思不受影响。关系词作宾语不可省略，指人、物不可用that。
四、关系代词as与which引导定语从句的区别
1. 位置不同
As is known to all, Bell invented the telephone.
Bell invented the telephone, as is known to all.
Bell, as is known to all, invented the telephone.
Bell invented the telephone, which is known to all.
小结as引导的定语从句可位于句首、主句中、主句后；which引导的定语从句只能位于主句后。
2. 意义不同
He passed the examination, as we had expected.
He failed in the examination, which we hadn’t expected.
It rained heavily, which made us put off the meeting.
小结as意为“正如，就像”，主、从句的语义一致；
which意为“这一点”，主、从句的语义不一致或从句和主句是因果关系。
3. 结构不同, as常用于一些固定结构中，类似插入语, 如as is well known/as we all know, as we can see, as is said above，as might be imagined，as is reported，as has been pointed out，as is expected，as often happens, as is often the case, as it is等，而which不能。
4. 当先行词被the same, so, as, such 等词修饰时, 多用as引导。
This is the same book as you bought last week.
He is so excellent a boy as we all admire.
Such students as he taught kept in touch with him.
[【练习】]
1.___________(众所周知）, Taiwan is part of China. (know)
2. It rained last night,___________（这使得我们不可能）to have P.E. classes. (make)
3. He is the most hard working classmate in our class,___________(从他那儿我已学到了) so much.(learn)
4.You say that the Golden week should be cancelled, and this is the point___________(我不同意的地方). (disagree)
5. You are supposed to tell me the reason ___________(你支持这项提议的). (favor)
6. He has two sons,___________(他们两个都是化学家). (work)
7. The house,___________(它的屋顶) was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired.（roof）
8. The village___________ (他长大的) is not what it used to be. (grow)
9. He is such a cold man ___________(没有人能和他保持联系). (touch)
10. He succeeded in the competition,___________. (这让他的父母兴奋) (excited)
[【参考答案】]
1. As we all know；As is known to all
2. which made it impossible for us
3. from whom I have learnt
4. where I disagree；to which I disagree；that/which I disagree to
5. for which/why you are in favor of this proposal
6. both of whom work as chemists
7. the roof of which；of which the roof；whose roof
8. where/in which he grew up；that/which he grew up in
9. as nobody can keep in touch with
10. which made his parents excited；which excited his parents