由于社会政治经济前后发生很大变化,汉王朝的法制指导思想,也相应发生很大变化,从总体上看,大致可分为两个阶段:一是汉高祖至文景时期。这一时期,是以黄老思想为主,并辅之以法家思想为法制的指导思想。黄,指传说中的黄帝;老,指老子。黄老思想的特点是“无为而治”。无为而治的思想,反映在立法指导思想上就是“轻徭薄赋”、“约法省刑”。二是汉武帝以后。这一时期,是以儒家思想为主,并辅之以法家思想为法制指导思想。其中心是“德主刑辅”。汉代“德主刑辅”法制指导思想的提出,原因之一是为了避免秦朝专任刑罚之失。汉统治者认为,以德礼教化为先,人有犯罪再施之以刑罚,采用刚柔相济的两手,以期稳定社会秩序,达到长治久安,巩固地主阶级专政。这反映了汉代地主阶级在立法方面积累了较为丰富的经验。因此,这一思想基本上为汉以后历代封建王朝所承袭。 Due to great changes in the socio-political economy before and after, the Han Dynasty’s legal system guiding ideology has undergone considerable changes. Generally speaking, the Han Dynasty can be divided into two stages: First, the period from the Han emperor to Wen Jing. This period was mainly based on Huang Lao’s thought, supplemented by the guiding ideology of legalism as the legal system. Yellow, referring to the legendary Yellow Emperor; old, referring to I. The characteristic of Huang Lao’s thought is “do nothing”. The idea of ​​doing nothing for nothing is reflected in the guiding ideology of the legislature as “light and thin Fu ”, “Jofa provincial punishment ”. Second, after the Han Emperor Wu. During this period, Confucianism was the mainstay, supplemented by the legalism as the guiding ideology of the legal system. Its center is “German main punishment auxiliary ”. One of the reasons why Han Dynasty put forward the guiding ideology of “rule of morality and auxiliary” legal system is to avoid the loss of full-time penalty of Qin Dynasty. The Han rulers believed that the moral education should be taken as the first principle. People commit crimes and then impose penalties on them. They use both rigid and soft means to stabilize social order, achieve long-term peace and stability, and consolidate the dictatorship of the landlord class. This reflects that the Han landlord class has accumulated a wealth of experience in legislation. Therefore, this idea is basically inherited by the feudal dynasties after Han Dynasty.