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高压水喷丸强化是金属表面强化的新方法,即利用在水中的高压水射流所产生的气穴效应打击金属零件表面,从而对零件进行表面强化的工艺。基于不同的高压水喷丸强化工艺参数,对航空常用铝合金材料7075T651开展高压水喷丸强化试验,分析了强化试件的表面形貌、表面质量、表面残余应力以及强化层组织结构。结果表明,液体冲蚀过程中会产生气泡多次溃灭现象,由此产生同心圆环形强化区域;喷射压力和喷射距离是影响材料表面质量和残余应力分布的重要工艺参数;高压水喷丸强化后强化层晶体取向发生了改变,晶粒明显细化,为原始组织晶粒度的66.7%。
High-pressure water shot peening is a new method of metal surface strengthening, which utilizes the cavitation effect generated by the high-pressure water jet in water to strike the surface of the metal part to strengthen the surface of the part. Based on different high-pressure water peening process parameters, high-pressure shot peening test was carried out on 7075T651, a common aviation aluminum alloy. The surface morphology, surface quality, surface residual stress and microstructure of the strengthened layer were analyzed. The results show that bubbles collapse during the process of liquid erosion, resulting in a concentric ring-shaped area. The injection pressure and jet distance are important process parameters that affect the surface quality and residual stress distribution. High pressure water shot peening After strengthening, the crystal orientation of the strengthened layer changed, and the grain was obviously refined, which was 66.7% of the original grain size.