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综述提出作为食品、膳食补充品(滋补品)和药品的蕈菌利用(产业)金字塔模型。讨论蕈菌产业发展的目的和美好前景。药用蕈菌(MM)和真菌被认为具有126种药用功能,包括抗肿瘤,调节免疫,抗氧化,清除自由基,保护心血管,抗高胆固醇血症,抗病毒,抗细菌,抗寄生虫,抗真菌,清热解毒,保肝和抗糖尿病等;特别值得注意的是蕈菌多糖,许多高等担子菌蕈菌的子实体、菌丝体及培养液中含有生物活性多糖。数据显示,有约700种异担子菌纲和同担子菌纲的蕈菌多糖具有抗肿瘤和提高免疫力的功效。蕈菌是不同类型的膳食补充品(DSs)(补品)的优质来源,源于蕈菌的膳食补充品(相对于中药制剂)在安全方面具有以下优点:(1)用于生产膳食补充品的蕈菌绝大多数是商业栽培,非野外采集。(2)食用菌很容易进行无性繁殖,从而易保持性状的稳定。蕈菌的菌丝可以保存相当长的时间,便于对其遗传和生化一致性进行追溯检测。(3)其最大优点是:蕈菌的菌丝体可以进行深层培养。讨论不同国家包括美国、欧共体、澳大利亚、新西兰、日本、中国和世界卫生组织,对引进与控制源于药用菌的膳食补充品的法规和监管措施。提出21世纪药用菌科学发展中应关注解决的数个重要问题。
The review presents the model of mushroom utilization (industry) as a pyramid of food, dietary supplement (tonic) and medicine. Discuss the purpose of mushroom industry development and bright future. Medicinal mushrooms (MM) and fungi are considered to have 126 medicinal functions including antitumor immunity, anti-oxidant, free radical scavenging, cardiovascular protection, anti-hypercholesterolemia, antiviral, antibacterial, antiparasitic Insects, antifungal, detoxification, liver and anti-diabetes; Of particular note is the mushroom polysaccharides, many higher basidiomycete fruiting bodies, mycelium and broth containing bioactive polysaccharides. The data show that there are about 700 kinds of isolates of Basidiomycetes and the same basidiomycete mushroom polysaccharides have antitumor and immune enhancing efficacy. Mushrooms are a good source of different types of dietary supplements (DSs) (supplements) and mushroom supplements (as opposed to traditional Chinese medicines) have the following advantages in terms of safety: (1) their use in the production of dietary supplements Mushrooms mostly commercial cultivation, non-field collection. (2) Edible fungus is easy to carry out asexual reproduction, which is easy to maintain the stability of traits. Mushroom mycelia can be stored for a considerable amount of time, allowing for the easy detection of their genetic and biochemical identity. (3) its biggest advantage is: mushroom mycelium can be in-depth culture. Discuss regulatory and regulatory measures to introduce and control dietary supplements derived from medicinal mushrooms in different countries, including the United States, the European Community, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, China and the World Health Organization. Proposed in the 21st century scientific development of medical science should pay attention to solve several important issues.