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为了探讨饲料中豆粕含量对草鱼肝胰脏结构与功能的影响,设计豆粕含量分别为0(对照组)、20%、40%和60%的4种等氮饲料,并以平均体重为(15.5±1.4)g的草鱼为试验对象,在池塘网箱中进行6周的饲养试验。将240尾草鱼随机分为4组,每组设3个重复,每个重复20尾鱼。试验结束后检测草鱼血清中肝胰脏功能指标、肝胰脏指数和肝胰脏脂肪含量,观察肝胰脏组织结构。结果表明:血清球蛋白、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白和胆固醇含量及碱性磷酸酶活性均以60%组最高,且与其他各组存在显著差异(P<0.05)。随着饲料中豆粕含量的增加,肝胰脏脂肪含量和肝胰脏指数都呈现先下降后上升的趋势,最高值都出现在60%组,且与其他组存在显著差异(P<0.05)。电镜观察发现60%组部分肝胰脏细胞核呈异常形态,细胞面积增大。在10 000μm2视野内,各组肝胰脏细胞核数量差异不显著(P>0.05),但以60%组的数量最少。肝胰脏细胞核面积以60%组最大,但与除40%组外的其他组差异不显著(P>0.05)。肝胰脏细胞核体积与细胞体积的比值各组间没有显著差异(P>0.05),最小值出现在40%组,60%组次之。由此得出,饲料中添加60%的豆粕后会引起草鱼血脂、肝胰脏脂肪含量升高,并可能引起草鱼肝胰脏组织结构和功能的损伤。
In order to investigate the effect of dietary soybean meal on the structure and function of liver and pancreas in grass carp, 4 kinds of isosilate feedstuffs with 0, 20%, 40% and 60% ± 1.4) g of grass carp was used as a test object, and the pond cages were fed for 6 weeks. 240 grass carp were randomly divided into 4 groups, each with 3 replicates, each with 20 fish. After the test, the function index of hepatopancreas and hepatopancreas, hepatopancreas index and hepatopancreas fat content of grass carp serum were detected to observe the structure of liver and pancreas. The results showed that the content of serum globulin, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase were the highest in 60% group and significant difference with other groups (P <0.05). With the increase of dietary soybean meal, fat content and hepatopancreas index of hepatopancreas decreased first and then increased, the highest value appeared in 60% group, and there was significant difference with other groups (P <0.05). Electron microscopy showed that 60% of the hepatopancreas showed abnormal morphology and enlarged cell area. In the field of 10 000 μm 2, there was no significant difference in the number of hepatopancreas nuclei between groups (P> 0.05), but with the least amount of 60% group. The nuclear area of hepatopancreas was the largest in 60% of the group, but not significantly different from the other groups except 40% (P> 0.05). The ratio of nuclear volume to cell volume in hepatopancreas was not significantly different among groups (P> 0.05), with the minimum appearing in 40% and 60% groups. It was concluded that the addition of 60% soybean meal to feed resulted in the increase of lipoprotein in grass carp, increased fat content in hepatopancreas and fat, which may cause damage to the structure and function of liver and pancreas in grass carp.