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目的了解黑龙江省高中生的视力现状,探讨其影响因素,为保护青少年视力健康提供理论依据。方法 2012年1—5月采用现况调查方法,对1 398名高中生进行现场视力检测并当场进行问卷调查。问卷内容包括看电脑、电视与屏幕的距离、看电视时间、看书姿势、每天睡眠时间、每天学习时间、学习中是否主动休息。计数资料采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果高中生近视患病率为68.60%。高中生近视患病率看电脑与屏幕距离>66 cm的为60.63%,≤66 cm的为74.07%;看电视与屏幕距离>2 m的为62.75%,≤2 m的为73.64%;看电脑、电视时间>2 h的为71.31%,≤2 h的为55.60%;看书姿势正确的为57.28%,不正确的为75.20%;每天睡眠时间充足的为50.44%,不足的为74.46%;每天学习时间<8 h的为58.02%,≥8 h的为72.11%;学习中主动休息的为50.52%,不主动休息的为75.49%。两两比较差异均有统计学意义(χ2=28.262、19.114、22.833、48.474、69.033、23.888、80.916,均P<0.05)。结论高中生近视患病率较高,学校、家庭及学生等应全方位多举措进行防控。
Objective To understand the status quo of eyesight of high school students in Heilongjiang Province and to explore the influencing factors, so as to provide a theoretical basis for protecting the eyesight health of adolescents. Methods From January to May in 2012, 1 398 senior high school students were tested with on-site visual acuity and a questionnaire was conducted on the spot. The questionnaire includes computer, TV and screen distance, watching TV time, reading posture, daily sleep time, daily study time, whether to take the initiative to take a break during study. Count data using χ2 test, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results The prevalence of myopia in high school students was 68.60%. The prevalence of myopia in high school students was 60.63% when the distance between computer and screen> 66 cm, 74.07% when ≤66 cm; 62.75% when watching TV and screen> 2 m, 73.64% when ≤2 m; , 71.31% for TV time> 2 h, 55.60% for ≤2 h, 57.28% for correct reading position, 75.20% for incorrect reading time, 50.44% for adequate sleep time, and 74.46% for short time. Each day 58.02% for <8 h, 72.11% for> 8 h, 50.52% for active rest and 75.49% for non-active rest. The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 28.262, 19.114, 22.833, 48.474, 69.033, 23.888, 80.916, all P <0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of myopia in high school students is high. Schools, families and students should take full measures to prevent and control them.