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本文应用数量统计的方法,分析野生大豆16份,半野生大豆5份和栽培大豆2份的核型。结果表明、野生大豆、半野生大豆和栽培大豆染色体数目为2n=40,核型为2n=24m+14sm+2st(SAT)。虽然三者的核型相似,但单倍染色体组长是有差别的,经X~2测定表明,这种差异是由于种间差异引起。因此,大豆核型的研究,对探讨大豆的进化具有重要意义。 在野生大豆中观察到一具有四随体类型,从进化观点看,具四随体类型较具二随体类型物种原始,同时为确定大豆是二倍体还是多倍体植物、提供有价值的材料。 野生大豆、半野生大豆和栽培大豆的Giemsa—C带分析表明,三种大豆的带型极其相似,基本带型为:第一组12条染色体有一条着丝点带;第二组12条染色体有一条中间带;第三组12条染色体有一条端带;第四组4条染色体有二条带。
In this paper, quantitative methods were used to analyze the karyotype of 16 wild soybean, 5 semi-wild soybean and 2 cultivated soybean. The results showed that the chromosome number of wild soybean, semi-wild soybean and cultivated soybean was 2n = 40 and the karyotype was 2n = 24m + 14sm + 2st (SAT). Although the karyotypes of the three are similar, the haplogroup length is different. The result of X ~ 2 test shows that the difference is caused by the difference between species. Therefore, the study of soybean karyotype is of great significance to the evolution of soybean. One type of tetraspecies was observed in wild soybeans. From an evolutionary point of view, tetrad types are more primitive than two-species types, and to determine whether soy is diploid or polyploid, providing valuable material. Giemsa-C band analysis of wild soybean, semi-wild soybean and cultivated soybean showed that the three types of soybeans had very similar banding patterns with the basic banding pattern: the first group of 12 chromosomes had one centromere band; the second group of 12 chromosomes There is a middle band; the third group of 12 chromosomes have one end band; the fourth group of four chromosomes have two bands.