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微生物的污染是影响乳制品安全的重要因素,主要以空气为媒介污染原料乳进而影响乳制品安全。本文概述了原料乳中微生物的来源、种类;空气中微生物的采集方法、检测方法以及如何控制原料乳中微生物。原料乳中可能污染的微生物有葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、志贺氏菌、链球菌属、大肠杆菌等病原微生物和腐败菌、真菌。空气微生物的采样方法有自然沉降法和微生物采样器采样法,比较而知采样器采样法具有稳定、不受气候影响的优点;同时比较了固体和液体微生物采样器的优缺点。原料乳质量好坏直接影响到后续加工乳制品,乳中微生物指标成为制约原料乳卫生指标的关键因素,该指标一直倍受乳品厂家及消费者的关注。因此,保证原料乳的安全是保证乳品安全的前提。
Microbial contamination is an important factor affecting the safety of dairy products, mainly as a medium of air pollution of raw milk and thus affect the safety of dairy products. This article summarizes the sources and types of microorganisms in raw milk, the methods of collecting microorganisms in air, the detection methods and how to control the microorganisms in raw milk. Possible contamination of raw milk microorganisms Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Shigella, Streptococcus, E. coli and other pathogenic microorganisms and spoilage bacteria, fungi. The sampling methods of airborne microorganisms include the natural sedimentation method and the sampling method of the microorganism sampler, and the advantages of the sampler method are stable and unaffected by the climate are compared. The advantages and disadvantages of the solid and liquid microorganism samplers are also compared. The quality of raw milk has a direct impact on the subsequent processing of dairy products. The indicators of micro-organisms in milk have become the key factors restricting the health indicators of raw milk. This index has drawn much attention from dairy manufacturers and consumers. Therefore, to ensure the safety of raw milk is to ensure the safety of dairy products premise.