论文部分内容阅读
在档案与文物的收集过程中,经常出现争收现象。如何界定档案与文物,这不仅是一个理论问题,而且也是一个实践问题。张家仪在《档案学通讯》1995年第5期撰文指出,区别档案与文物的标志有三个:一是内容,二是形式,三是社会价值。就内容来看,档案是管理部门或个人在社会活动中形成的,其内容直接反映管理活动的过程和个人活动的某个侧面,它具有过程的系统性,是一种抽象思维,表达这种抽象思维的载体是文字、语言或图像;文物是人们一种文化心态和艺术追求的产物,是“历代遗留下来的文化史上有价值的东西”,其内容一般反映的是形象思维,即使反映抽象思维,它也是以“形”的建构来表现的,而不是诉诸文字、语言或图像。就形式来看,档案是一种书面形式,甲骨、金石、缣帛、纸张乃至胶片等,都是档案的书面材料,或说是图记、文字、声像的载体;文物一般不是书面形式,它是一种人工的物体造型,是一种结构形式。就社会价值来看,档案的作用是为后人的工作提供参考或凭证,人们利用它是为
In the collection process of archives and cultural relics, the phenomenon of contention often appears. How to define archives and cultural relics is not only a theoretical problem, but also a practical one. In his article “Archives Science and Communication” No. 5, 1995, Zhang Jiayi pointed out that there are three distinctions between archives and cultural relics: one is content, the other is form, and the third is social value. In terms of content, archives are formed by administrative departments or individuals in social activities. Their contents directly reflect the process of management activities and some aspects of personal activities. They have the systematic process and are an abstract way to express this The carrier of abstract thinking is words, languages or images. Cultural relics are the product of a cultural mentality and artistic pursuit of people and are “valuable things in the cultural history left over by ages”. The content generally reflects the thinking of the image even if the abstract Thinking, it is also the “shape” of the structure to the performance, rather than resort to words, language or image. As far as the form is concerned, the archives are a written form. Oracle, stone, silk, paper and even film are all written materials of archives, or carriers of pictures, texts and audiovisuals. Cultural relics are generally not written forms, It is a artificial object modeling, is a structural form. Judging from the social value, the role of archives is to provide reference or evidence for future generations’ work. People use it for