目的:探讨烧伤伴吸入性损伤患儿气管切开术的适应证、手术时机及注意事项。方法:对45例烧伤患儿,在全身麻醉下行气管切开12例,局部麻醉下行气管切开33例。并对儿童的解剖特点、操作要点及术后拔管时间作一分析。结果:45例烧伤儿童均在1～48h内行气管切开术,43例抢救成功,2例死亡,救治成功率达95.56%。结论:烧伤尤其伴有吸入性损伤的患儿,应尽早行气管切开术,这对于提高抢救成功率、减少呼吸道并发症、降低死亡率、均有重要的临床意义。 Objective: To investigate the indications, timing and precautions of tracheotomy in children with burn injury and inhalation injury. Methods: Forty-five children with burn were divided into tracheotomy under general anesthesia in 12 cases and tracheotomy under local anesthesia in 33 cases. Anatomy of children’s anatomy, operation points and postoperative extubation time for an analysis. Results: All 45 burn children underwent tracheotomy within 1 ~ 48h. Forty-three patients were successfully treated and 2 died. The success rate of treatment was 95.56%. Conclusion: Tracheotomy should be performed as soon as possible in children with burn injury, especially those with inhalation injury. This is of great clinical significance in improving the success rate of rescue, reducing respiratory complications and reducing mortality.