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积极应对各种灾害,构建合理的应急救灾体系,最大限度地降低灾害造成的损失,保障广大人民群众的生命财产安全,是我国的一项基本国策。目前,我国已经初步形成了政府管理与市场运作相协调、生产自救与群众互助相结合的应急防灾救灾模式。但是,与美日等发达国家相比,我国应急救灾体系还存在许多薄弱环节。美日应急救灾体系对我国的启示,第一,重新规划应急救灾管理体系;第二,树立全民参与的防灾救灾理念;第三,完善防灾救灾的法律体系;第四,构建自下而上的灾后重建系统。同时,美日应急救灾体系还有许多值得我国借鉴的地方,与国际救灾体系接轨,突破现有组织安排、加强防灾减灾预警机制、引导全民参与减灾救灾等将成为我国应急救灾体系改革的主要趋势。
It is a basic national policy of our country to actively respond to various kinds of disasters, construct a reasonable emergency and disaster relief system, minimize the losses caused by disasters and safeguard the lives and property of the broad masses of people. At present, our country has initially formed a mode of emergency disaster prevention and relief that is coordinated by government management and market operation, and a combination of self-help in production and mutual assistance of the masses. However, compared with developed countries such as the United States and Japan, there are still many weak links in China’s emergency relief system. First, to re-plan the emergency relief management system; secondly, to establish the concept of disaster prevention and relief that the entire people should participate in; thirdly, to perfect the legal system of disaster prevention and relief; and fourthly, to build a self- On the post-disaster reconstruction system. At the same time, there are still many places in the United States and Japan that are worthy of our country’s reference. They are in line with the international disaster relief system, breaking through the existing organizational arrangements, strengthening the early warning mechanism for disaster prevention and reduction, and guiding the entire people to participate in disaster reduction and relief so as to become the main reform of China’s emergency relief system trend.