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利用离子液体氯化1-丁基-3-甲基-咪唑（[Bmim]Cl）在微波场下对纤维素进行预处理。结果表明,纤维素经预处理后聚合度下降,酶解糖化速度随预处理微波强度和温度增加呈现先增加后下降的趋势,在300W、90℃、1h下出现最大值18.28 g.L-1.h-1,相比未处理的纤维素糖化速度提高160%。通过电子显微镜和红外光谱分析,再生纤维素出现了解聚现象,结晶度也明显下降。“,”Cellulose was pretreated by an IL,1-n-butyl-methylimidazolium chloride（[Bmim]Cl） with microwave.The experimental results show that degree of polymerization（DP） of cellulose decreases after being pretreated.With the increase of pretreatment microwave intensity and temperature,the saccharification rate increases at begining and then decreases.It reaches a maximal value of 18.28gL-1h-1 at 300W,90℃ after 1 hour.The saccharification rate increases by 160% compared with untreated cellulose.Scanning Electronic Microscopy（SEM） and Fourier Transform Infrared-Raman Spectroscop（FT-IR） analysis show that the cellulose is deploymerized into fragments and the crystallinity of the cellulose significantly decreases after pretreatment.