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东方学这一概念在爱德华·赛义德的《东方学》一书被广为人知之前,其已经是一门集语言学、人类学、历史学和民族学等在内的复合型学科。东方学可分为古典东方学和现当代东方学,现当代东方学始于19世纪的欧洲,在美国得到发展,涌现出一大批权威的东方学者,其著作和理论对当今西方政治具有影响力和导向性,对全世界认识东方世界,也起到了显著的作用。阿拉伯伊斯兰地区作为东方学中最为重要的组成部分,一直是东方学者最为感兴趣,也是讨论最多的话题。本文旨在介绍和总结近当代西方世界的东方学研究领域,以及较为著名的东方学者,并分析其研究中的积极影响和固有模式带来的局限性和消极影响。
The concept of oriental learning was a compound subject of linguistics, anthropology, history and ethnography until Edward Said’s book Orientalism was widely known. Orientalism can be divided into classical Orientalism and modern Orientalism. Nowadays Orientalism began in the 19th century in Europe. It developed in the United States and emerged with a large number of authoritative Oriental scholars whose books and theories have an influence on western politics And orientation, also played a significant role in understanding the world in the East. As the most important part of oriental learning, the Arab Islamic region has always been the most interesting and discussed topic for oriental scholars. The purpose of this article is to introduce and summarize the field of Oriental studies in recent modern Western world, as well as the more famous oriental scholars, and analyze the limitations and negative influences caused by their positive influence and inherent mode.